Santosh has completed his PhD from Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, India under the supervision of Dr. Rajan Sankaranarayanan and which was funded by DST-INSPIRE (Dept. of Science and Technology, India) fellowship. His PhD thesis was mainly focused in deciphering the “Mechanism and Physiological Role of Chiral Proofreading Modules Involved in Translation of the Genetic Code”. In the process of his PhD training, he has acquired expertise in the field of structural and molecular cell biology. After a brief postdoc in India, Santosh moved to Germany to join the Dikic lab to pursue the structural and physiological consequences of phosphoribosyl-ubiquitination.